The Reflex Arc Concept in Psychology (1896)
Attacked molecularism, elementism, and reductionism of reflex arc
Suggested reflex is a circle rather than an arc
Behavior cannot be reduced to sensorimotor elements
Consciousness cannot be meaningfully analyzed into elements
Artificial analysis removes all meaning
Behavior should be treated in terms of its significance to the organism
in adapting to the environment
Proper subject of psychology: study of the total organism as it
functions in its environment
Consciousness results in appropriate responses for survival
Functional psychology: study of the organism in use
Argued structure and function cannot be meaningfully separated
Influenced development of philosophical framework for functionalism
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